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      Individual_Name: 
        Carrie V. Kappel
      Organisation_Name: 
        National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
      Contact_Information: 
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            Address: 
              Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
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  Date_Stamp: 
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      2021-08-02
  Metadata_Standard_Name: 
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      Citation: 
        Citation: 
          Title: 
            Wave Power Standard Deviation of Long-term Mean, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
                  creation
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            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
              Date_Type: 
                Date_Type_Code: 
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            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
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            Identifier: 
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          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
                Carrie V. Kappel
              Organisation_Name: 
                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
                  Online_Resource: 
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          Cited_Responsible_Party: 
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              Individual_Name: 
                Kimberly A. Selkoe
              Organisation_Name: 
                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        selkoe@nceas.ucsb.edu
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                Ocean Tipping Points (OTP)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@oceantippingpoints.org
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                          http://oceantippingpoints.org
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                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
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                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
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          Other_Citation_Details: 
            Related publications: Wedding LM, Lecky J, Gove JM, Walecka HR, 
            Donovan MK, et al. (2018) Advancing the integration of spatial 
            data to map human and natural drivers on coral reefs. PLOS ONE 
            13(3): e0189792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189792; 
            Ning L, Cheung KF, Stopa JE, Hsiao F, Chen Y-L, et al. (2016) 
            Thirty-four years of Hawaii wave hindcast from downscaling of 
            climate forecast system reanalysis. Ocean Modelling 100: 78-95. 
            https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocemod.2016.02.001.
      Abstract: 
        Wave power is a major environmental forcing mechanism in Hawaii that 
        influences a number of marine ecosystem processes including coral reef 
        community development, structure, and persistence. By driving mixing 
        of the upper water column, wave forcing can also play a role in 
        nutrient availability and ocean temperature reduction during warming 
        events. Wave forcing in Hawaii is highly seasonal, with winter months 
        typically experiencing far greater wave power than that experienced 
        during the summer months. This layer represents the standard deviation 
        of maximum daily wave power (kW/m) from 2000-2013. Data were obtained 
        from the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) School of Ocean and Earth 
        Science and Technology (SOEST) SWAN model (Simulating WAves Nearshore) 
        following Li et al. (2016).
        
        Hourly 500-m SWAN model runs of wave power were converted to maximum 
        daily wave power from 1979-2013 and then averaged over each month from 
        1979-2013, creating a monthly time series from which monthly 
        climatologies were made. Pixels were removed directly adjacent to 
        coastlines owing to the model being too coarse to handle extreme 
        refraction and dissipation. Nearshore map pixels with no data were 
        filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel 
        by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then 
        converting points to raster.
        
        The standard deviation of the long-term mean wave power was calculated 
        by taking the standard deviation of the maximum daily time series of 
        wave power data from 2000-2013 for each 500-m grid cell.
      Purpose: 
        This layer was developed as part of a geospatial database of key 
        anthropogenic pressures to coastal waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands 
        for the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project 
        (http://oceantippingpoints.org). Ocean tipping points occur when 
        shifts in human use or environmental conditions result in large, and 
        sometimes abrupt, impacts to marine ecosystems. The ability to predict 
        and understand ocean tipping points can enhance ecosystem management, 
        including critical coral reef management and policies to protect 
        ecosystem services produced by coral reefs. The goal of the Ocean 
        Tipping Points Hawaii case study was to gather, process, and map 
        spatial information on environmental and human-based drivers of coral 
        reef ecosystem conditions.
      Credit: 
        The Ocean Tipping Points project, 2016. Please acknowledge the Ocean 
        Tipping Points project as a source when these data are used in the 
        preparation of reports, papers, publications, maps, and other 
        products. When applying these data for publication, please reference 
        and cite the following journal article: Wedding LM, Lecky J, Gove JM, 
        Walecka HR, Donovan MK, et al. (2018) Advancing the integration of 
        spatial data to map human and natural drivers on coral reefs. PLOS ONE 
        13(3): e0189792. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189792.
      Point_Of_Contact: 
        Responsible_Party: 
          Individual_Name: 
            Carrie V. Kappel
          Organisation_Name: 
            National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
          Contact_Information: 
            Contact: 
              Address: 
                Address: 
                  Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                    kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
              Online_Resource: 
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                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://oceantippingpoints.org/about-us/people#Carrie
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      Descriptive_Keywords: 
        Keywords: 
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Biosphere > Aquatic Ecosystems > Reef Habitat
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Marine Ecosystems > Reef 
            > Coral Reef
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Human Dimensions > Human Settlements > Coastal Areas
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
          Keyword: 
            Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Waves > > > > Wave Power
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          Keyword: 
            Ocean > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands
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      Resource_Constraints: 
        Legal_Constraints: 
          Use_Limitation: 
            Please contact the Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) project in advance 
            of applying these data to project work so that the principal 
            investigator, Carrie Kappel (kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu), can track and 
            communicate data uses and ensure no duplicate efforts are 
            underway. The data may be used and redistributed for free but is 
            not intended for legal use, since it may contain inaccuracies. 
            Neither the data Contributor, University of Hawaii, PacIOOS, NOAA, 
            State of Hawaii nor the United States Government, nor any of their 
            employees or contractors, makes any warranty, express or implied, 
            including warranties of merchantability and fitness for a 
            particular purpose, or assumes any legal liability for the 
            accuracy, completeness, or usefulness, of this information.
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                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
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          Title: 
            Wave Power Standard Deviation of Long-term Mean, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
          Date: 
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              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
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                Date: 
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                  2017-03-14
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                Carrie V. Kappel
              Organisation_Name: 
                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
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      Abstract: 
        Wave power is a major environmental forcing mechanism in Hawaii that 
        influences a number of marine ecosystem processes including coral reef 
        community development, structure, and persistence. By driving mixing 
        of the upper water column, wave forcing can also play a role in 
        nutrient availability and ocean temperature reduction during warming 
        events. Wave forcing in Hawaii is highly seasonal, with winter months 
        typically experiencing far greater wave power than that experienced 
        during the summer months. This layer represents the standard deviation 
        of maximum daily wave power (kW/m) from 2000-2013. Data were obtained 
        from the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) School of Ocean and Earth 
        Science and Technology (SOEST) SWAN model (Simulating WAves Nearshore) 
        following Li et al. (2016).
        
        Hourly 500-m SWAN model runs of wave power were converted to maximum 
        daily wave power from 1979-2013 and then averaged over each month from 
        1979-2013, creating a monthly time series from which monthly 
        climatologies were made. Pixels were removed directly adjacent to 
        coastlines owing to the model being too coarse to handle extreme 
        refraction and dissipation. Nearshore map pixels with no data were 
        filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel 
        by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then 
        converting points to raster.
        
        The standard deviation of the long-term mean wave power was calculated 
        by taking the standard deviation of the maximum daily time series of 
        wave power data from 2000-2013 for each 500-m grid cell.
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          Title: 
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          Date: 
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                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
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                National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS)
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                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        kappel@nceas.ucsb.edu
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      Abstract: 
        Wave power is a major environmental forcing mechanism in Hawaii that 
        influences a number of marine ecosystem processes including coral reef 
        community development, structure, and persistence. By driving mixing 
        of the upper water column, wave forcing can also play a role in 
        nutrient availability and ocean temperature reduction during warming 
        events. Wave forcing in Hawaii is highly seasonal, with winter months 
        typically experiencing far greater wave power than that experienced 
        during the summer months. This layer represents the standard deviation 
        of maximum daily wave power (kW/m) from 2000-2013. Data were obtained 
        from the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) School of Ocean and Earth 
        Science and Technology (SOEST) SWAN model (Simulating WAves Nearshore) 
        following Li et al. (2016).
        
        Hourly 500-m SWAN model runs of wave power were converted to maximum 
        daily wave power from 1979-2013 and then averaged over each month from 
        1979-2013, creating a monthly time series from which monthly 
        climatologies were made. Pixels were removed directly adjacent to 
        coastlines owing to the model being too coarse to handle extreme 
        refraction and dissipation. Nearshore map pixels with no data were 
        filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel 
        by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then 
        converting points to raster.
        
        The standard deviation of the long-term mean wave power was calculated 
        by taking the standard deviation of the maximum daily time series of 
        wave power data from 2000-2013 for each 500-m grid cell.
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          Title: 
            Wave Power Standard Deviation of Long-term Mean, 2000-2013 - Hawaii
          Date: 
            Date: 
              Date: 
                Date: 
                  2017-03-14
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                Date: 
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      Abstract: 
        Wave power is a major environmental forcing mechanism in Hawaii that 
        influences a number of marine ecosystem processes including coral reef 
        community development, structure, and persistence. By driving mixing 
        of the upper water column, wave forcing can also play a role in 
        nutrient availability and ocean temperature reduction during warming 
        events. Wave forcing in Hawaii is highly seasonal, with winter months 
        typically experiencing far greater wave power than that experienced 
        during the summer months. This layer represents the standard deviation 
        of maximum daily wave power (kW/m) from 2000-2013. Data were obtained 
        from the University of Hawaii at Manoa (UH) School of Ocean and Earth 
        Science and Technology (SOEST) SWAN model (Simulating WAves Nearshore) 
        following Li et al. (2016).
        
        Hourly 500-m SWAN model runs of wave power were converted to maximum 
        daily wave power from 1979-2013 and then averaged over each month from 
        1979-2013, creating a monthly time series from which monthly 
        climatologies were made. Pixels were removed directly adjacent to 
        coastlines owing to the model being too coarse to handle extreme 
        refraction and dissipation. Nearshore map pixels with no data were 
        filled with values from the nearest neighboring valid offshore pixel 
        by using a grid of points and the Near Analysis tool in ArcGIS then 
        converting points to raster.
        
        The standard deviation of the long-term mean wave power was calculated 
        by taking the standard deviation of the maximum daily time series of 
        wave power data from 2000-2013 for each 500-m grid cell.
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                Open Geospatial Consortium Web Map Service - Cached (WMS-C). 
                Use of WMS-C is similar to traditional WMS but with the 
                addition of the "tiled=true" parameter, which triggers 
                GeoServer to pull map tiles from GeoWebCache if they have been 
                previously generated. This can dramatically improve 
                performance, especially for larger datasets. Supported map 
                formats include JPEG and PNG. Supported info formats include 
                GeoJSON, GML, HTML, and plain text.
              Function: 
                OnLine_Function_Code: 
                  download
      Operates_On: 
  Distribution_Information: 
    Distribution: 
      Distributor: 
        Distributor: 
          Distributor_Contact: 
            Responsible_Party: 
              Individual_Name: 
              Organisation_Name: 
                Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS)
              Contact_Information: 
                Contact: 
                  Address: 
                    Address: 
                      Electronic_Mail_Address: 
                        info@pacioos.org
                  Online_Resource: 
                    Online_Resource: 
                      Linkage: 
                        URL: 
                          http://pacioos.org
                      Protocol: 
                        http
                      Application_Profile: 
                        web browser
                      Function: 
                        OnLine_Function_Code: 
                          information
              Role: 
                Role_Code: 
                  publisher
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoserver/
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    GeoServer
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides access to this dataset via GeoServer, 
                    including multiple output formats and an OpenLayers viewer.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://geo.pacioos.hawaii.edu/geoexplorer/
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    GeoExplorer
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides a viewer for this dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
          Distributor_Transfer_Options: 
            Digital_Transfer_Options: 
              Online: 
                Online_Resource: 
                  Linkage: 
                    URL: 
                      http://pacioos.org/projects/oceantippingpoints/#data
                  Protocol: 
                    http
                  Name: 
                    PacIOOS Ocean Tipping Points (OTP) Data Viewer
                  Description: 
                    This URL provides a viewer and/or data access for this 
                    dataset.
                  Function: 
                    OnLine_Function_Code: 
                      download
  Data_Quality_Information: 
    Data_Quality: 
      Scope: 
        Scope: 
          Hierarchy_Level: 
            Scope_Code: 
              dataset
      Lineage: 
        Lineage: 
          Statement: 
            2017-03-14T00:00:00Z OGC web services (WMS and WFS) enabled by 
            PacIOOS via GeoServer. Original data from source provider may have 
            been reformatted, reprojected, or adjusted in other ways to 
            optimize these capabilities.
  Metadata_Maintenance: 
    Maintenance_Information: 
      Maintenance_And_Update_Frequency: 
      Maintenance_Note: 
        This record was translated and enhanced from GeoServer OGC Web 
        Services (OWS) using PacIOOS software.